2020 – 2029
2020s
- May 20, 2022The New York Times publishes 'The Ransom', an analysis of Haiti's independence debt
The series, starting 20 May 2022, reconstructs Haiti's payments to France and its lenders and estimates they may have cost Haiti between 21 and 115 billion US dollars in lost growth. Historians debate its framing and estimates.
- April 17, 2025Macron announces a joint Franco-Haitian historians' commission on the 1825 indemnity
On 17 April 2025, the 200th anniversary of Charles X's ordinance, Emmanuel Macron says the indemnity 'put a price on the freedom of a young nation' and creates a commission of historians from both countries. No reparations are offered.